MPFL Reconstruction

What Is the MPFL?

The Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) is a key ligament that helps keep the kneecap (patella) in its proper position. When this ligament is torn or stretched, the kneecap can slip out of place (dislocate), causing pain, swelling, and instability.

What Is MPFL Reconstruction?

MPFL reconstruction is a surgical procedure to rebuild the torn ligament using a graft (usually taken from your hamstring tendon or sometimes donor tissue). The goal is to restore stability to the kneecap, prevent future dislocations, and allow patients to return to normal activities.

When Is It Needed?

Your surgeon may recommend MPFL reconstruction if:

You have repeated kneecap dislocations.
The ligament is badly torn and cannot heal on its own.
Non-surgical treatments (bracing, physiotherapy) have not worked.
You want to return to sports or activities that require knee stability.

The Procedure Step-by-Step

Evaluation – MRI and physical exam confirm the ligament injury.
Arthroscopy (sometimes used) – A small camera may be inserted to check the knee joint.
Graft preparation – A tendon graft is harvested (often from the hamstring).
Tunnel creation – Small tunnels are drilled in the kneecap and thighbone to anchor the graft.
Fixation – The graft is secured to recreate the MPFL in its natural position.
Closure – Incisions are closed, and the knee is bandaged.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Hospital stay: Usually same-day or overnight.
Weight bearing: Often limited for a few weeks, with gradual increase.
Physiotherapy: Essential to restore movement, strength, and stability.
Return to sports: Typically 4–6 months, depending on healing and rehab progress.

Benefits

Restores kneecap stability.
Prevents recurrent dislocations.
Reduces pain and swelling.
Allows return to sports and daily activities.

Risks & Considerations

Infection, stiffness, or graft failure (rare).
Recovery requires strict adherence to physiotherapy.
In some cases, additional procedures may be needed if bone alignment issues exist.

Key Message for Patients

MPFL reconstruction is a safe and effective procedure for patients with repeated knee cap dislocations. By rebuilding the ligament, the surgery restores stability, reduces pain, and helps patients return to an active lifestyle. With proper rehabilitation, most patients achieve excellent long-term outcomes.

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