Ankle Fusion
What Is Ankle Fusion?
Ankle fusion, also called ankle arthrodesis, is a surgical procedure where the bones of the ankle joint are permanently joined together. By fusing the tibia (shin bone) and talus (ankle bone), the joint no longer moves, but this eliminates pain and provides stability. It is usually recommended when the ankle is severely damaged and other treatments are not effective.
When Is It Needed?
Your doctor may recommend ankle fusion if you have:
- Severe ankle arthritis (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis).
- Chronic ankle pain that does not improve with medications, injections, or physiotherapy.
- Severe ankle instability or deformity.
- Failed previous ankle surgeries.
The Procedure Step-by-Step
- Evaluation – X-rays and scans confirm the extent of damage.
- Anesthesia –General or regional anesthesia is given.
- Fusion – Damaged cartilage is removed, and the ankle bones are joined using plates, screws, or rods.
- Healing – Over time, the bones grow together into one solid unit.
- Closure – The incision is closed, and recovery begins.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
- Hospital stay:Usually 2–3 days.
- Immobilization:A cast or boot is worn for several weeks.
- Physiotherapy: Focuses on strengthening the foot and leg muscles.
- Return to activities: Daily activities resume in 3–6 months; heavy work may take longer.
Benefits
- Provides significant pain relief.
- Restores strength and stability to the ankle.
- Allows patients to return to daily activities without pain.
- Long-lasting results.
Risks & Considerations
- Loss of ankle motion (fusion eliminates joint movement).
- Possible complications: infection, non-union (bones not fusing), or hardware irritation.
- Adaptation is required for certain activities due to reduced flexibility.
- Increased stress on nearby joints over time.
Key Message for Patients
Ankle fusion is a safe and effective surgery for patients with severe ankle arthritis or chronic pain. By permanently joining the ankle bones, the procedure eliminates pain and restores stability, though it sacrifices ankle motion. With proper rehabilitation, most patients adapt well and enjoy long-term relief.
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