Hemiarthroplasty

What Is Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty?

Shoulder hemiarthroplasty is a type of partial shoulder replacement surgery. In this procedure, only the ball (humeral head) of the shoulder joint is replaced with an artificial implant, while the natural socket (glenoid) is left intact. It is different from a total shoulder replacement, which replaces both the ball and the socket.

When Is It Needed?

Your doctor may recommend shoulder hemiarthroplasty if:

You have a severe fracture of the upper arm bone (humerus) near the shoulder.
The fracture cannot be repaired with plates, screws, or pins.
You have arthritis or damage limited to the humeral head, but the socket is still healthy.
You experience persistent pain and loss of mobility despite non-surgical treatments.

The Procedure Step-by-Step

Evaluation – X-rays and scans confirm the extent of damage.
Anesthesia –General or regional anesthesia is given.
Incision– The surgeon makes an incision to access the shoulder joint.
Removal– The damaged humeral head is removed.
Implant placement – A metal prosthesis is inserted to replace the ball of the shoulder.
Closure – The incision is closed, and recovery begins.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Hospital stay:Usually 2–3 days.
Arm movement:Gentle exercises begin soon after surgery.
Physiotherapy: Essential to restore strength and mobility.
Return to activities: Most patients resume daily activities in 6–12 weeks.

Benefits

Provides pain relief after severe fractures or arthritis.
Restores mobility and independence.
Shorter surgery time compared to total shoulder replacement.
Preserves the natural socket if it is healthy.

Risks & Considerations

Possible complications: infection, stiffness, or implant loosening.
The natural socket may wear down over time, sometimes requiring conversion to a total shoulder replacement.
Recovery depends on age, bone quality, and overall health.

Key Message for Patients

Shoulder hemiarthroplasty is a safe and effective treatment for severe shoulder fractures or arthritis limited to the ball of the joint. By replacing only the damaged humeral head, it provides pain relief, restores mobility, and allows patients to return to daily activities more quickly.

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